The 4 Approaches to Planning in Management

Approaches To Planning

Every planning is based on some planning approaches. While some company plans their activities based on past data, whereas, others make their planning based on future data.

The performance of any company is greatly dependent upon the planning approach it follows. Here are the four possible approaches to planning – these four planning approaches reflect distinct perspectives on time, change, and the role of planning in navigating the past, present, and future:

Reactive Planning (Past-Oriented)

In the reactive approach, the focus is on reverting to the past. People who favor this planning approach believe that the past, despite its flaws, was a better time than the present, and certainly better than the future will be.

There’s a strong desire to return to the “good old days” and reverse the changes that led to the current situation. These planners are often resistant to change and fear the future, aiming to prevent it.

• Importance: Reactive planning can hold significance in situations where historical practices or traditions are highly valued and need preservation.
• Pros: It can help maintain cultural or historical heritage.
• Cons: It may hinder progress and adaptability in rapidly changing environments.

Read More: 4 Types of Planning of Planning in Management

Inactive Planning (Present-Oriented)

The inactive approach seeks to preserve the present as it is seen as preferable to both the past and the future. Despite the present’s imperfections, planners believe it’s the best possible state and expect that the future will only bring damage. Inactive planners prefer maintaining the status quo to avoid potential negative changes.

• Importance: Inactive planning provides stability and a sense of security in situations where change is perceived as risky.
• Pros: It can maintain stability and prevent unnecessary disruptions.
• Cons: It may lead to stagnation and missed opportunities for improvement.

Read More: The 5 Methods of Planning in Management

Proactive Planning (Predict the Future)

Proactive planners attempt to predict the future and plan accordingly. They recognize technological advancements as driving forces behind a better future compared to the present or the past. The planning process focuses on positioning the organization to capitalize on upcoming changes.

• Importance: Proactive planning helps organizations stay competitive and adapt to evolving trends.
• Pros: It enables preparation for future challenges and opportunities.
• Cons: Accurately predicting the future can be challenging, requiring frequent adjustments to plans.

Read More: 6 Ps of Planning

Proactive Planning (Create the Future)

Proactive planning involves envisioning a desired future state and actively working to bring it into existence. Planners in this approach view the future as a preferred state that they can shape and control. Predicted changes are seen as obstacles that can be addressed and overcome through innovation and action.

• Importance: Proactive planning empowers organizations to lead and innovate rather than react to external forces.
• Pros: It fosters creativity, innovation, and adaptability in the face of change.
• Cons: It demands substantial resources and entails higher risks.

In conclusion – each planning approach carries its own set of implications, and the choice of approach depends on an organization’s values, culture, context, and goals. Organizations may even blend these approaches to address different aspects of planning as needed. Ultimately, the chosen approach should align with an organization’s vision and its capacity to adapt to a constantly evolving world.

Read Next: 10 Steps To Create An Effective Plan in the Organization